asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 1 - general description the AKD4382 is an evaluation board for the ak4382, the 24bit, 192khz d/a converter for dvd and ac- 3 amp. the AKD4382 has the interface with akms wave generator using rom data and with akms a/d converter evaluation boards. therefore, it is easy to evaluate the ak4382. the AKD4382 also has the digital audio interface and can achieve the interface with digital audio systems via opt-connector or bnc connector. n ordering guide AKD4382 --- evaluation board for ak4382 (cable for connecting with printer port of ibm-at compatible pc and control software are packed with this.) function on-board 2nd order lpf compatible with 2 types of interface - direct interface with akms a/d converter evaluation boards and direct interface with akms signal generator(akd43xx) by 10pin header - on-board ak4112a as dir which accepts optical or bnc input 10pin header for serial control interface -15v gnd ak4112a (dir) opt in 10pin header a/d data rom data ak4382 rch coax in lch output lpf 10pin header control data +15v regulator 5v figure 1. AKD4382 block diagram * circuit diagram and pcb layout are attached at the end of this manual. evaluation board rev.a for ak4382 AKD4382
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 2 - n external analog circuit the 2nd order lpf (fc=93.2khz, q=0.712) which adds differential outputs of the ak4382 is implemented on the board. when the further attenuation of the out-band noise is needed, some additional lpf is required. analog signal is output through bnc connectors on the board. and the output level of the ak4382 is 5.5vpp@5v. lout- (rout-) - lout+ (rout+) +15v -15v njm5532d r 1 c 1 r 3 r 2 c 2 r 1 r 3 r 2 c 2 22u 10k + 220 figure 2. on-board analog filter r 1 r 2 r 3 c 1 c 2 4.7k 4.7k 200 3300p 470p table 1. the value of r,c on this board fin 20khz 40khz 80khz frequency response -0.003db -0.122db -1.821db table 2. frequency response of lpf fc= w 0 2 p , w 0 = 1 2c 1 c 2 r 2 r 3 , q= 2c 1 w 0 . + 1 r 1 + 1 r 2 1 r 3 amplitude = 20 log [1-(f/fc) 2 ] 2 +[(1/q)(f/fc)] 2 k [db], k= r 2 r 1 ,
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 3 - n operation sequence 1) set up the power supply lines. [+15v] (orange) = +12 ~ +15v [-15v] (blue) = -12 ~ -15v [4382_vdd] (red) = 4.75 ~ 5.25v (note 2) [agnd] (black) = 0v [dgnd] (black) = 0v note: 1. each supply line should be distributed from the power supply unit. 2. jp3(reg) should be shorted and 4382_vdd jack should be open if vdd of the ak4382 is supplied from the regulator. 2) set-up the evaluation modes, jumper pins and dip switches (see the followings.) 3) power on. the ak4382 should be reset once bringing sw1(pdn) l upon power-up. n evaluation mode applicable evaluation modes 1) dir (optical link or bnc) (default) 2) using rom data (ak43xx) 3) using akms evaluation board for adc 4) feeding all signals from external 1) dir (optical link or bnc) the ak4112a(dir) generates mclk, bick, lrck and sdata from the received data through port1(torx176: optical link) or j1(bnc). used for the evaluation using cd test disk. nothing should be connected to port2(ext). in case of using optical connector (torx176), jp1(torx/bnc) should be selected to torx. in case of using bnc connector, select bnc. jp4 mclk jp5 bick jp6 sdata jp7 lrck 2) ideal sine wave generated by rom data connect the akd43xx with port2(ext). the AKD4382 sends mclk to the akd43xx which the ak4112a(dir) generates from the received data through port1(torx176: optical link) or j1(bnc). and the AKD4382 receives lrck, bick and sdata from the akd43xx. jp4 mclk jp5 bick jp6 sdata jp7 lrck
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 4 - 3) using akms evaluation board for adc to evaluate the ak4382 with analog input, the akms evaluation board for adc can be used. mclk, bick and lrck and a/d converted data are sent to the AKD4382 through port2(ext) via 10 pin flat cable. jp4 mclk jp5 bick jp6 sdata jp7 lrck 4) feeding all signals from external under the following set-up, all external signals can be fed through potr2(ext). jp4 mclk jp5 bick jp6 sdata jp7 lrck n dip switch(s1) set up s1 sets the mode of the ak4112a. set-up is needed only for the evaluation mode 1 and 2. on is h and off is l. no. pin default introduction 1 cm0 off 2 cm1 off clock mode set-up (refer to the table 4.) 3 ocks1 off 4 ocks0 off mclk frequency set-up (refer to the table 5.) table 3. s1 set-up cm1 (s1-2) cm0 (s1-1) mcko sdto off off torx or bnc torx or bnc off on xtal 0 data table 4. ak4112a clock mode set-up lrck ocks1 (s1-3) ocks0 (s1-4) mclk normal double off off 256fs yes yes on off 512fs yes no table 5. ak4112a mclk frequency set-up
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 5 - port3 up-i/f 1 2 9 10 csn cclk cdti n jumpers set up [jp1](torx/bnc): the source of the biphase signal input to the ak4112a torx: port1(torx176: optical li nk) bnc: j1(bnc) [jp2](gnd): agnd and dgnd open: agnd and dgnd are disconnected. short: agnd and dgnd are connected. ( dgnd jack can be open.) [jp3](reg): vdd of the ak4382 short: vdd is supplied from the regulator ( 4382_vdd jack should be open). open: vdd is supplied from 4382_vdd jack. [jp4](mclk): mclk of the ak4382 short: mclk is fed from the ak4112a. open : mclk is fed from the external circuit via port2(ext). [jp5](bick): bick of the ak4382 short: bick is fed from the ak4112a. open : bick is fed from the external circuit via port2(ext). [jp6](sdata): sdti of the ak4382 short: sdata is fed from the ak4112a. open : sdata is fed from the external circuit via port2(ext). [jp7](lrck): lrck of the ak4382 short: lrck is fed from the ak4112a. open : lrck is fed from the external circuit via port2(ext). n the function of the toggle sw [sw1] (pdn): resets the ak4382 and the ak4112a. keep h during normal operation. n the indication content for led [le1] (erf) : unlock and parity error output of the ak4112a. [le2] (fs96) : 96khz sampling detect of the ak4112a. [le3] (auto) : non-pcm data (ac-3, mpeg etc.) detects of the ak4112a. [le4] (v) : validity detect of the ak4112a. n serial control the AKD4382 can be controlled via the printer port (parallel port) of ibm-at compatible pc. connect port3(up-i/f) with pc by 10-wire flat cable packed with the AKD4382. take care of the direction of connector. there is a mark at 1pin. the pin layout of port3 is as figure 4. figure 4. port3 pin layout
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 6 - measurement results [measurement condition] measurement unit : audio precision system two cascade mclk : 256fs bick : 64fs fs : 44.1khz, 96khz bw : 10hz ~ 20khz (fs=44.1khz), 10hz ~ 40khz (fs=96khz) bit : 24bit power supply : vdd=5v interface : dir temperature : room fs=44.1khz parameter input signal measurement filter lch rch s/(n+d) 1khz, 0db 20klpf 95.0db 95.0db 20klpf 108.0db 108.0db dr 1khz, -60db 22klpf, a-weighted 111.0db 111.0db 20klpf 107.1db 107.1db s/n no signal 22klpf, a-weighted 110.4db 110.4db fs=96khz parameter input signal measurement filter lch rch s/(n+d) 1khz, 0db 40klpf 93.0db 93.0db 40klpf 105.6db 105.6db dr 1khz, -60db 22klpf, a-weighted 111.8db 111.7db 40klpf 105.9db 105.9db s/n no signal 22klpf, a-weighted 112.2db 112.0db
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 7 - n plots [measurement condition] measurement unit : audio precision system two cascade mclk : 256fs bick : 64fs fs : 44.1khz, 96khz bw : 10hz ~ 20khz (fs=44.1khz), 10hz ~ 40khz (fs=96khz) bit : 24bit power supply : vdd=5v interface : dir temperature : room fs=44.1khz figure 6 . fft (1khz, 0dbfs input) figure 7 . fft (1khz, -60dbfs input) figure 8 . fft (noise floor) figure 9 . fft (out-of-band noise) figure 10. thd+n vs input level (fin=1khz) figure 11. thd+n vs fin (input level=0dbfs) figure 12. linearity (fin=1khz) figure 13. frequency response (input level=0dbfs) figure 14. cross-talk (input level=0dbfs) fs=96khz figure 15. fft (1khz, 0dbfs input, notch=off) figure 16. fft (1khz, 0dbfs input, notch=on) figure 17. fft (1khz, -60dbfs input) figure 18. fft (noise floor) figure 19. fft (outband noise) figure 20. thd+n vs input level (fin=1khz) figure 21. thd+n vs fin (input level=0dbfs) figure 22. linearity (fin=1khz) figure 23. frequency response (input level=0dbfs) figure 24. cross-talk (input level=0dbfs) fft point=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 8 - ( fs=44.1khz) akm ak4382 fft (fs=44.1khz; input=1khz, 0dbfs) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 20 20k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k hz figure 6 . fft (1khz, 0dbfs input) akm ak4382 fft (fs=44.1khz; input=1khz, -60dbfs) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 20 20k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k hz figure 7 . fft (1khz, -60dbfs input)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 9 - ( fs=44.1khz) akm ak4382 fft (fs=44.1khz; noise floor) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 20 20k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k hz figure 8 . fft (noise floor) akm ak4382 fft (fs=44.1khz; out-of-band noise ~130khz) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 100 100k 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k hz figure 9 . fft (out-of-band noise)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 10 - ( fs=44.1khz) akm ak4382 thd+n vs input level (fs=44.1khz; fin=1khz) -110 -90 -109 -108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 d b r a -140 +0 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 dbfs figure 10. thd+n vs input level (fin=1khz) akm ak4382 thd+n vs fin (fs=44.1khz; input level=0dbfs) -110 -80 -108 -106 -104 -102 -100 -98 -96 -94 -92 -90 -88 -86 -84 -82 d b r a 20 20k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k hz figure 11. thd+n vs fin (input level=0dbfs)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 11 - ( fs=44.1khz) akm ak4382 linearity (fs=44.1khz; fin=1khz) -140 +0 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a -140 +0 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 dbfs figure 12. linearity (fin=1khz) akm ak4382 frequency response (fs=44.1khz; input level=0dbfs) -0.5 +0.5 -0.45 -0.4 -0.35 -0.3 -0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 +0 +0.05 +0.1 +0.15 +0.2 +0.25 +0.3 +0.35 +0.4 +0.45 d b r a 2k 20k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k hz figure 13. frequency response (input level=0dbfs)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 12 - ( fs=44.1khz) akm ak4382 cross-talk (fs=44.1khz; input level=0dbfs) upper: rch --> lch; lower: lch --> rch -140 -90 -135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 d b 20 20k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k hz figure 12. cross-talk (input level=0dbfs)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 13 - ( fs=96khz) akm ak4382 fft (fs=96khz; input=1khz, 0dbfs) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple, notch=off -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 40 40k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k hz figure 15. fft (1khz, 0dbfs input, notch=off) akm ak4382 fft (fs=96khz; input=1khz, 0dbfs) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple, notch=on -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 40 40k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k hz figure 16. fft (1khz, 0dbfs input, notch=on)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 14 - ( fs=96khz) akm ak4382 fft (fs=96khz; input=1khz, -60dbfs) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 40 40k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k hz figure 17. fft (1khz, -60dbfs input) akm ak4382 fft (fs=96khz; noise floor) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 40 40k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k hz figure 18. fft (noise floor)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 15 - ( fs=96khz) akm ak4382 fft (fs=96khz; out-of-band noise) fft points=16384, avg=8, window=equirriple -160 +0 -150 -140 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a 100 100k 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k 50k hz figure 19. fft (out-of-band noise)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 16 - ( fs=96khz) akm ak4382 thd+n vs input level (fs=96khz; fin=1khz) -110 -90 -109 -108 -107 -106 -105 -104 -103 -102 -101 -100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 d b r a -140 +0 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 dbfs figure 20. thd+n vs input level (fin=1khz) akm ak4382 thd+n vs fin (fs=96khz; input level=0dbfs) -110 -80 -108 -106 -104 -102 -100 -98 -96 -94 -92 -90 -88 -86 -84 -82 d b r a 40 40k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k hz figure 21. thd+n vs fin (input level=0dbfs)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 17 - ( fs=96khz) akm ak4382 linearity (fs=96khz; fin=1khz) -140 +0 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 d b r a -140 +0 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 dbfs figure 22. linearity (fin=1khz) akm ak4382 frequency response (fs=96khz; input level=0dbfs) -0.5 +0.5 -0.45 -0.4 -0.35 -0.3 -0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 +0 +0.05 +0.1 +0.15 +0.2 +0.25 +0.3 +0.35 +0.4 +0.45 d b r a 2.5k 40k 5k 7.5k 10k 12.5k 15k 17.5k 20k 22.5k 25k 27.5k 30k 32.5k 35k 37.5k hz figure 23. frequency response (input level=0dbfs) (including external lpf)
asahi kasei [AKD4382] 00/09 - 18 - ( fs=96khz) akm ak4382 cross-talk (fs=96khz; input level=0dbfs) upper: rch --> lch; lower: lch --> rch -140 -90 -135 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 d b 40 40k 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k hz figure 24. cross-talk (input level=0dbfs)
asahi kasei [AKD4382 control program] 00/4 AKD4382 control program ver 1.0 operation manual n set-up of evaluation board and control software 1. set up the AKD4382 according to previous term. 2. connect ibm-at compatible pc with AKD4382 by 10-line type flat cable (packed with AKD4382). take care of the direction of 10pin header. (this control software does not operate on windows nt, therefore please operate it on windows95/98.) 3. insert the floppy-disk labeled AKD4382 control program ver 1.0 into the floppy-disk drive. 4. access the floppy-disk drive and double-click the icon of AKD4382.exe to set up the control program. 5. then please evaluate according to the follows. n explanation of each buttons 1. [port setup] : set up the printer port. 2. [write default] : initialize the register of ak4382. 3. [function1] : set up the dialog which can be written by keyboard operation. 4. [function2] : set up the dialog which can be written by keyboard operation. 5. [write] : set up the dialog corresponding to each register which can be written by mouse operation. n explanation of each dialog 1. [function1 dialog] : dialog to write data by keyboard operation address box: input register address in 2 figures of hexadecimal. data box: input register data in 2 figures of hexadecimal. if you want to write the input data to ak4382, click ok button. if not, click cancel button.
asahi kasei [AKD4382 control program] 00/4 2. [function2 dialog] : dialog to evaluate datt this dialog corresponds to only addr=03h and 04h address box: input register address in 2 figures of hexadecimal. start data box: input start data in 2 figures of hexadecimal. end data box: input end data in 2 figures of hexadecimal. interval box: data is written to ak4382 by this interval. step box: data changes by this step. mode select box: if you check this check box, data reaches end data, and returns to start data. [example] start data = 00, end data = 09 data flow: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 if you do not check this check box, data reaches end data, but does not return to start data. [example] start data = 00, end data = 09 data flow: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 if you want to write the input data to ak4382, click ok button. if not, click cancel button. 3. [write dialog] : dialog to write data by mouse operation there are dialogs corresponding to each register. click the write button corresponding to each register to set up the dialog. if you check the check box, data becomes h or 1. if not, l or 0. if you want to write the input data to ak4382, click ok button. if not, click cancel button. n operation flow keep the following flow surely. 1. set up the control program according to explanation above. 2. click port setup button. 3. click write default button. 4. then set up the dialog and input data. n indication of data input data is indicated on the register map. red letter indicates h or 1 and blue one indicates l or 0. blank is the part that is not defined in the datasheet. n attention on the operation if you set up function1 or function2 dialog, input data to all boxes. attention dialog is indicated if you input data or address that is not specified in the datasheet or you click ok button before you input data. in that case set up the dialog and input data once more again. these operation does not need if you click cancel button or check the check box.
5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 d d c c b b a a h for 74hct14 74hct157 csn cdti cclk sdata mclk lrck for njm5532 analog ground digital ground l mclk lrck sdata bick bick for njm5532 pdn csn cclk cdti ak4382 a AKD4382 a3 12 tuesday, april 04, 2000 title size document number rev date: sheet of ext_mclk ext_bick ext_lrck ext_sdata ext_mclk ext_bick ext_sdata ext_lrck 4112a _pdn aoutl+ aoutr+ aoutr+ aoutl+ aoutl- aoutr- vop+ aoutr- vop- vop- vop+ aoutl- reg_5v vop- vop+ reg_5v 4112a_mclk 4112a_sdto 4112a_lrck 4112a_ bick reg_5v reg_5v 4382_vdd -15v +15v +15v d2 sw1 pdn c17 0.1u c18 0.1u + c19 47u r25 2.2k port3 up-i/f 10 8 6 4 2 1 3 5 7 9 r23 2.2k u3 74hct157 2 3 5 6 11 10 14 13 1 15 4 7 9 12 1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b a/b g 1y 2y 3y 4y port2 ext 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + c25 10u r10 100 r12 100 r13 100 r14 100 r9 100 c24 0.1u c30 0.1u r19 10k + c32 47u + c33 10u c34 0.1u c23 0.1u + c21 47u c22 0.1u jp3 reg t2 njm78m05fa 3 2 1 out gnd in r17 220 r26 4.7k c35 3300p r35 200 ak4382 u1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 15 14 13 16 9 mclk bick sdti lrck pdn csn cclk cdti aoutr+ aoutl- aoutl+ dzfr vdd vss dzfl aoutr- j2 aoutl c29 470p r11 4.7k + c28 22u r21 200 + - u5b njm5532 5 6 7 8 4 r30 4.7k j3 aoutr c31 470p r18 10k r15 4.7k r32 220 + c36 22u r34 4.7k c26 470p c27 3300p r31 200 + - u5a njm5532 3 2 1 8 4 r16 200 r20 4.7k c40 470p r36 4.7k + c38 10u r33 10k r22 4.7k + c37 47u jp2 gnd u2f 74hct14 13 12 u2e 74hct14 11 10 + c20 47u j p 4 mclk jp5 bick jp6 sdata jp7 lrck r37 100 r38 100 r39 100 r40 100 l3 (short) 1 2 l4 (short) 1 2 l5 (short) 1 2 c39 0.1u r29 100 r27 100 r28 100 r24 2.2k l2 10u 1 2
5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 d d c c b b a a cm0 cm1 bnc torx ocks1 ocks0 ak4112a a AKD4382 a3 22 tuesday, april 04, 2000 title size document number rev date: sheet of 4112a _bick 4112a_sdto 4112a_ lrck v 4112a_3.3v reg_5v cm1 4112a_mclk 4112a_3.3v reg_5v reg_5v 4112a_3.3v reg_5v v 4112 a_pdn reg_5v reg_5v cm0 ocks0 ocks1 cm0 cm1 ocks1 ocks0 reg_5v reg_5v r2 1k le1 erf r4 1k le2 fs96 r5 1k le3 auto le4 v r7 1k c5 22p c6 22p + c10 10u + c13 47u c9 0.1u u2a 74hct14 1 2 u2b 74hct14 3 4 u2c 74hct14 5 6 u2d 74hct14 9 8 l1 10u 1 2 d1 1s1588 port1 torx176 1 3 4 2 6 5 out vcc gnd gnd 6 5 + c3 10u + c7 10u x1 24.576mhz 1 2 c4 0.1u c8 0.1u + c1 10u c2 0.1u c12 0.1u r6 470 r1 5.1 c15 0.1u + c14 47u t1 lp2950a 1 2 3 out gnd in r3 18k u4 ak4112a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 dvdd dvss tvdd v xti xto pdn r avdd avss rx1 dif0 dif1 dif2 auto p/sn fs96 erf lrck sdto bick daux mcko2 mcko1 ocks0 ocks1 cm1 cm0 r8 75 j1 bnc jp1 torx/bnc c11 0.1u rp1 47k 4 3 2 1 s1 mode1 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
important notice these products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. before considering any use or application, consult the asahi kasei microsystems co., ltd. (akm) sales office or authorized distributor concerning their current status. akm assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the application or use of any information contained herein. any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. akm products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or system, and akm assumes no responsibility relating to any such use, except with the express written consent of the representative director of akm. as used here: (a) a hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. (b) a critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability. it is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an akm product who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold akm harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.
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